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As digital technologies become increasingly embedded in daily life, there is a growing need to cultivate digital competence and citizenship among adolescents, equipping them to navigate the digital world responsibly and ethically. This systematic literature review examines the factors influencing digital competency education for adolescents, analyzing 43 studies retrieved through a PRISMA-guided search across Scopus and Web of Science. The contribution of the current research can be seen as two-fold. First, it identifies key issues in digital education competency, such as gaps in digital literacy and proficiency, the limited quality of digital citizenship practices, a lack of effective interventions to address digital incompetence and limited awareness about digital safety and well-being among adolescents. Second, it explores factors that impact digital competence, highlighting the significant influence of sociodemographic factors on access to and availability of digital resources. Additionally, the review emphasizes the positive impact of digital citizenship education programs that involve parental guidance and support, which are crucial in promoting safe and responsible digital behavior. The review proposed the importance of resilience-based pedagogies, inclusive policies and comprehensive curriculum development that integrates technical skills, ethical awareness and critical thinking to create a supportive learning environment for adolescents. Based on these findings, this study offers valuable recommendations for policymakers and educators, advocating for a holistic, community-supported approach to digital education that empowers adolescents to become responsible digital citizens and contributors to society.