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This study focuses on the extraction of collagen from the scales of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as a sustainable and halal alternative source of collagen. In Malaysia, red tilapia is widely cultivated as a major aquaculture species, generating significant amounts of by-products such as scales, skin, and bones during processing. These wastes are often discarded, contributing to environmental pollution despite their high potential value. Fish scales are particularly rich in Type I collagen, which is beneficial for skin, bone, and connective tissue health.

The main objective of this project is to extract collagen from red tilapia scales using chemical extraction methods while promoting the utilization of fish processing waste. In addition, the study aims to evaluate the basic physical properties and conduct organoleptic assessments of the extracted collagen. This initiative also addresses the increasing demand for affordable, safe, and halal-certified collagen, as existing commercial sources are often expensive and may raise halal concerns.

Overall, this project highlights the potential of transforming underutilized fish waste into value-added products, supporting environmental sustainability, reducing resource wastage, and contributing to the development of local health and cosmetic industries.